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撑起全球AI半边天？一文了解姚期智与他的清华姚班_我的网站

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一 | 界面新闻记者 | 宋佳楠近期，一张DeepSeek实习生的薪酬截图在社交平台上被广泛传播。图片显示，该实习生税前单日薪资5500元，按每月22个工作日计算，月度实习收入突破12万元，这与普通AI行业实习生日薪500至1000元的基准形成鲜明反差。 During the Russia-Africa Youth Public Forum, which took place on July 26-28 with support from the Russian Presidential Grants Fund, Sputnik interviewed Svetlana Ulyanova, head of the Project Management Department of the Pushkin state Russian Language Institute, curator of the ‘World Russian Language Ambassadors’ Program. In the interview, she explained why people across the globe chose to learn Russian and what exactly makes Russian culture so great.,Sputnik: Why is it important to promote Russian language learning in foreign countries?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Vitaly Grigorievich Kostomarov, the founder of our Pushkin state Russian Language Institute, used to quote [Anton] Chekhov: “The more languages you know, the more you are a human being.” It was Kostomarov who proposed and developed the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, that is, teaching it to foreigners - because it is a completely different story than teaching it to native speakers.,The Russian language is truly beautiful, interesting, fascinating. We have an amazing culture, a very interesting literature. You can experience Chekhov, Tolstoy in all their beauty only in their original language. So, there is an opportunity to truly understand what our great writers wrote about.,© Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov / Go to the photo bankPushkin-related sites. Alexander Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazyomy EstatePushkin-related sites. Alexander Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazyomy Estate© Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: Why is intercultural dialogue important, especially now, in the current political situation, between Russia and Africa, and Russia and other regions?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Cultural dialog has always been important, as evidenced by the idea of learning the Russian language through culture and the concept of “linguocountry studies”, which originated at the Pushkin Institute. After all, the Russian language is not just grammar and spelling rules. It is literature, art, and finally cuisine that form an understanding of the national character and the Russian language in particular. When we teach Russian to foreigners, we get engaged in a big dialog of cultures. Sometimes students from different continents study in the same group, and Russian becomes their only shared language. In the learning process, they also share part of their culture with us.,Our volunteers [participate], for example, in the program ‘Ambassadors of the Russian language in the world’, a program carried out by the Pushkin Institute with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia. We pay a lot of attention to intercultural communication. Otherwise, for example, the children we teach abroad would have no interest when we talk only about ourselves.,We're really interested in learning more about how people live in other countries, interested in learning about them and to really share our cultural moments with each other. That's always interesting. And speaking again about Russian ambassadors, they have the opportunity to learn more about how the whole world lives, to gain new knowledge. That is why we, in our expeditions, always pay great attention to intercultural dialogue. And the volunteers not only promote the Russian language, but they themselves learn more and more about the traditions of other countries.,© Sputnik / Anton Vergun / Go to the photo bankFestival of folk culture "Malanya Winter" in the Belgorod regionFestival of folk culture "Malanya Winter" in the Belgorod region© Sputnik / Anton Vergun / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: Who is an ambassador of the Russian language in your understanding?,Svetlana Ulyanova: A person who promotes the Russian language. It is a measure of responsibility for what a person does, what a volunteer does. Hence, the high status of the ambassador of the Russian language speaks precisely about that. And on the other hand, indeed, this person is a representative of Russia abroad, a representative of the Russian language, Russian culture. And the ‘World Russian Language Ambassadors’ program just brings everything together.,Sputnik: How can people who learn Russian use the language in the future? Do they intend to work in Russia?,Svetlana Ulyanova: They have absolutely different opportunities. Indeed, it's a matter of business, work, international contracts, they don't have to come to Russia. After that, they can stay in their country and conduct international contracts with Russian companies or work for a Russian company that is abroad, such as Rosatom. Peaceful nuclear energy is one of the most important, large-scale things that Russia does abroad. The second point is the opportunity to travel around Russia and the CIS countries, where people speak Russian. And the third point is to delve deeper into the Russian culture.,We conducted a study called the Index of the Russian Language Position in the World, according to which Russian has taken good positions in such areas as use in international organizations, the number of Russian language resources on the internet, the number of scientific publications, which is why Russian remains the language of science and education, the language of figures and official dialog.,© Sputnik / Vitaliy Timkiv / Go to the photo bankParticipants in the celebration of the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation in KrasnodarParticipants in the celebration of the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation in Krasnodar© Sputnik / Vitaliy Timkiv / Go to the photo bank,Sputnik: How important is it to promote Russian culture now that the Russian people and culture are being subjected to the “cancel culture" in the West?,Svetlana Ulyanova: I believe that Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, our ballet cannot be cancelled. I believe in people's good sense and that people will continue to take an interest in Russian culture. Besides, the Pushkin Institute program, including the ambassadors of the Russian language program, allows us to show the beauty of the Russian language and Russian literature to foreigners. And we do have these opportunities, which we are using.,Sputnik: What are the biggest challenges for people learning Russian?,Svetlana Ulyanova: Russian is considered one of the most difficult languages on the planet. But this does not deny its beauty. Difficulties arise depending on which language the people who learn it speak com from, because some people cannot get used to so many cases and how words change, because in their native language everything is completely different. Some people can't get used to the way we construct sentences, because in their language things are constructed differently. Everyone, probably every nationality, has its own difficulties in learning Russian. But the Pushkin Institute has special methods for teaching Russian as a foreign language. And we take this into account to make it as easy as possible for foreigners to learn our language.。

二 | 一些网友指出，这样的薪酬水平仅针对极少数清华姚班毕业的顶尖学生，是头部科技公司为AI金字塔尖人群开出的“特供价”。尽管该消息尚未得到DeepSeek方面的证实，但清华姚班在AI领域确已声名在外，甚至有人夸张地形容，“清华姚班撑起全球AI半壁江山”。在投资圈，若有姚班学生创业的消息传出，投资机构也多会主动关注。二十年来，这个每年招收五十余人的小班，走出了不少自动驾驶、计算机视觉、大模型、图形软件、医疗AI、区块链等赛道的创业者。自动驾驶赛道的楼天城，是首届姚班毕业生之一。他在2004年被保送进入清华大学计算机系，2008年进入清华大学理论计算机中心攻读博士。

三 | 2016年，他与彭军共同创立小马智行，主攻L4级自动驾驶技术。该公司于2024年登陆纳斯达克，成为“全球Robotaxi第一股”。旷视科技的印奇、唐文斌和杨沐，三人同为姚班校友，被称为“姚班三剑客”。2006年，印奇以680多分的高分，考入清华大学自动化专业，后入选姚班。

四 | 2011年，印奇前往美国纽约市哥伦比亚大学攻读博士，同年与唐文斌和杨沐共同创立了旷视科技。

五 | 该公司通过落地商用人脸识别技术，跻身国内AI四小龙。目前印奇担任阶跃星辰董事长。制图：界面新闻（排位不分先后）也有姚班毕业生进入全球头部科技公司任职。2015级姚顺雨曾任职OpenAI，目前担任腾讯首席AI科学家。同时，xAI、Google DeepMind、Meta AI均吸纳多名姚班毕业生从事底层算法、大模型理论、多模态生成等前沿研究。制图：界面新闻（排位不分先后）另据清华官网，截至2024年，有近60名姚班毕业生在海内外高校任教，30余人进入国内高校，其中7人回到清华交叉信息研究院任教。在这些AI人才背后，离不开创立姚班的关键人物姚期智。

六 | 1967年，姚期智取得台湾大学物理学士学位，先后拿下哈佛大学物理博士、伊利诺伊大学计算机博士，三十年间曾执教麻省理工、斯坦福、伯克利、普林斯顿四所世界顶尖学府。

七 | 2000年，姚期智凭借在通信复杂度、现代密码学领域的奠基性贡献获得图灵奖。彼时的他已拥有海外终身教职、丰厚待遇与世界级学术声望，却在57岁时决定辞去普林斯顿教职，于2004年回国。转折点源于杨振宁院士的一通越洋电话。当时国内算法与复杂性研究几乎一片空白，杨振宁力邀姚期智归国培育本土计算机人才。 2005年，姚期智正式创办清华学堂计算机科学实验班，也就是外界常说的“姚班”。

八 | 清华每年新生超三千人，姚班则只招五十人左右，生源以各省高考前三甲、数学、物理、信息学奥赛金牌选手为主，依靠保送与校内二次选拔入班。区别于常规计算机专业的教学模式，姚班课程采用阶梯化设置，前两年主抓计算机基础，大三起接轨麻省理工学院（MIT）原版教材。姚期智还会亲自面试任课教师，主动邀约图灵奖、哥德尔奖得主走进课堂授课。在姚班，课程难度往往会高于常规本科教学，有学生形容授课节奏如同“直接从六层起步盖大楼”，跳过基础编码入门，直接切入深层计算理论与系统架构研究，且不唯分数论。旷视联合创始人杨沐曾提及：“在姚班，解决没有人解决过的问题是日常。

九 | ” 截至2025年12月，姚班累计培养近1200名学生，已毕业学生近750名，其中有9位“清华大学本科生特等奖”得主、6位“斯隆研究奖”得主。姚班累计发表论文600余篇，近330人次在计算机科学、人工智能与量子信息领域国际顶级会议上做会议报告。作为姚期智归国搭建的拔尖人才实验班，姚班以极小体量批量输出活跃在全球AI核心赛道的顶尖算法人才，补齐了国内计算机理论教育短板。但也有声音认为，不应过度“神话”清华姚班。

十 | 姚班是服务顶层技术竞争的特殊人才试点，不能等同于国内计算机教育全貌，行业需理性看待其成就与短板。平衡好精英培育与普惠教育，引导人才兼顾产业落地与基础科学长线研究，才是学校的教育之本。

十一 | 正如姚期智近日在2026世界人工智能大会上所言，“旧秩序将不再管用，不管你来自MIT还是清华，5年后未必能站在世界之巅，这取决于教师和学生有多努力创新。那些顶尖学校可能反而处于劣势，因为它们习惯了某种成功模式。而雄心勃勃的初创公司，可能由于急于抓住机会，反而得到出色的结果。” 他提醒大家，只要还在AI行业，就必须保持适应世界的精神。

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