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US watchdog says Taliban benefiting from international aid through 'fraudulent' NGOs_我的网站
A | 8月初，西南野生菌进入上市高峰，松茸、鸡枞、牛肝菌等30多种“山珍”大量到货，迎来性价比最高的“黄金赏味期”。有消费者发现，部分云南野生菌餐厅有一道特殊流程：服务员把菌汤锅盖锁住，钥匙带走，煮够时间才开锁。
B | KABUL, Afghanistan -- The watchdog for U.S. assistance to Afghanistan has warned that the Taliban are benefiting from international aid through the establishment of fraudulent nongovernmental organizations.The Taliban have exerted greater control over national and international NGOs since seizing power in August 2021. They have barred Afghan women from NGO work and sought to push out foreign organizations from the education sector.A report from the U.S. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, or SIGAR, said it found that the Taliban benefit from American-funded education programming through the generation of tax revenues and from more “nefarious” methods like the establishment of fraudulent NGOs and extorting and infiltrating existing NGOs to obtain or direct international donor aid. In May, a SIGAR report highlighted the Taliban’s interference with NGO work in Afghanistan. The Ministry of Economy, which supervises the sector, rejected the claims. Ministry spokesman Abdul Rahman Habib, responding to the latest SIGAR report on Monday, said there was no evidence of interference.According to the report, published this month, the U.S. has spent around $185 million on education in Afghanistan since August 2021.An NGO official told SIGAR that the Taliban target and extort Afghans who receive monetary support from American-funded education programs under the guise of taxation. In another example, NGO officials told the watchdog that the Taliban coerced NGOs into hiring supporters or purchasing goods from Taliban-owned companies.Taliban policies and priorities have reduced the overall quality of education, with a drop in the number of teachers and a decrease in teacher quality, as unqualified community members or Taliban officials replace staff, SIGAR said."We found that the Taliban have been unable to fully fund public school teacher salaries and building maintenance costs, leading to further teacher shortages and the deterioration of school buildings."The redirection of international donor aid to community-based education schools, along with financial and infrastructure challenges facing the Taliban, raised serious questions about how the Taliban could sustain the education sector and if they had any intention of doing so, the report said.An Education Ministry spokesman, Qari Mansor Ahmad Hamza, called the SIGAR report baseless and said the quality of teaching and school facilities in Afghanistan is better than before.“At present, the projects and financial assistance of international aid agencies are under the strong supervision of the top leadership of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,” Hamza said, employing the term the Taliban use to describe their administration. The leadership promises to “invest this aid” and share reports with the country, the spokesman added.。 因为锅里煮了见手青——一类牛肝菌的统称，其中不乏有毒品种，未煮熟会致幻中毒，过去此类报道屡见不鲜。有餐馆甚至不让打包带走，或要求签免责协议。 煮够时间就绝对安全了吗？见手青到底有多毒？来看专家介绍。 中国科学院昆明植物研究所研究员杨祝良介绍，这类菌子属于“条件可食用真菌”，但他也提醒，烹饪时要特别注意煮熟炒透。此外，他还强调，要特别注意当见手青菜品被放凉后，毒素会恢复。比如剩菜放冰箱过夜，第二天用微波炉热一分钟就吃，这时候最容易中毒。 而对于有些菌子中的毒素来说，高温烹饪并不能去除其毒素，需高度警惕。
C | 杨祝良：比如鹅膏菌含的环肽类毒素，厨房里常规的煎炒烹炸、甚至用高压锅压一个上午，都破坏不了它。高温、强酸、强碱都拿它没办法，毒素始终留在汤里，吃下去照样对人造成极大危害。
D | 所以这类剧毒蘑菇，必须高度重视。 专家介绍，“见手青”类牛肝菌在被撕裂后会由白色、黄色快速转变为青色，也因此有了“见手青”的名字。但是，变青、变蓝并不是它有毒的一种体现，和它有毒并没有关系。 关于如何识别菌子是否有毒，在网络上有些说法流传很广，比如“颜色朴素=安全”“有虫子去吃它的就无毒”“用银器可以试毒”等等。对于这些，杨祝良表示，并不靠谱。 杨祝良：民间流传的验毒方法大多不靠谱。银器试毒不可行——所有剧毒蘑菇都不会让银变黑。虫吃过的蘑菇也不一定安全，有些剧毒蘑菇蜗牛、虫子吃了没事，因为它们不吸收毒素，但人吃了完全不同。
E | 至于“鲜艳的蘑菇有毒，朴素的蘑菇无毒”这种说法更是危险，剧毒的鹅膏外表就很朴素，成年人吃一个就足以致命。 云南、川渝、华南地区等等，各地有关机构常会制作本地毒蘑菇图鉴。但非专业人士看着仍旧有点“脸盲”。其实，并不能把这些图鉴中无毒的部分当作“菜谱”来用。杨祝良表示，这些图鉴主要是起到一个提醒作用，让大家重视。 杨祝良：要从众多野生蘑菇中分辨出哪些能吃，其实非常困难。除了专门从事这方面研究的专家，普通人真的很难辨别。所以，千万不要轻易尝试自己不熟知的蘑菇。 (中央广播电视总台中国之声)。
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